Character Analysis Of Mice And Men - 910 Words

John Steinbeck sets the scene of his novella, Of Mice and Men, in the Salinas River Valley, a few miles south of Soledad. The time period of the novella is the 1930’s during the Great Depression. The Great Depression began in 1929 after the U.S. had a major financial crisis. People lost all of their money and their homes when the stock market crashed. Many men became migrant farm workers who would travel from farm to farm, working for just enough money for food and a few belongings. John Steinbeck grew up in the Salinas River Valley during the Depression. In his novella, of Mice and Men, Steinbeck uses the characters Candy, Curley’s wife, and Crooks to prove people will do anything to stop being lonely. To begin, Steinbeck uses the†¦show more content†¦Candy shows people will do anything to not be lonely. Furthermore, Steinbeck uses Curley’s wife to show how people will do anything to not be lonely. Even though Curley’s wife is married, she flirts with the other men on the farm. Curley is a boxer and wears expensive clothes. His father is the boss on the farm and has a lot of money. Curley’s wife tries to talk to the boys but they don’t trust her. She says, â€Å"Why can’t I talk to you? I never get to talk to nobody. I get awful lonely† (Steinbeck 86). This quote shows that no one ever tries or wants to talk to her. Curley’s wife complains to Lennie about how lonely she is and that she just wants to talk to people. As the book continues, she explains to Lennie why she never gets to talk to anyone. She says, â€Å"You can talk to people, but I can’t talk to nobody but Curley. Else he gets mad† (Steinbeck 87). This quote shows that Curley is very controlling over his wife and only lets her talk to him. Curley’s wife talks to Lennie even though he is very intimidating. She is desperate to talk to anyone so she flirts with Lennie and the other men to get their attention. Lastly, Steinbeck uses Crooks to show the things people are willing to do to not be lonely. Crooks is the black crippled stable buck who works on the farm. He is the only black man for miles and has no one to talk with, or to be his friend. Crooks tells Lennie, â€Å"A guy needs somebody - to be near him . . . A guy goes nuts if heShow MoreRelatedOf Mice And Men : Character Analysis1742 Words   |  7 PagesOf Mice and Men: Character Analysis John Ernst Steinbeck Jr. was an American author wrote many novels including one of his most famous, Of Mice and Men. Of Mice and Men teaches many lessons about the nature of human existence. Each relationship grows throughout this short story and end with a dramatic experience. All of the characters, including Lennie, George, Crooks, and Curley’s wife, admit, at one time or another, to having a profound sense of isolation, seclusion and loneliness. The authorRead MoreCharacter Analysis in of Mice and Men2098 Words   |  9 PagesCHARACTER ANALYSIS George George is the second main character and one of the protagonist after Lennie in Of Mice and Men. When Lennie gets into trouble, He always helps him find a solution or get away, though Lennie’s size combined with his mental handicap caused problems frequently. He is also a planner, telling Lennie where he should go if there is trouble on the ranch. To make the dream which is owing a ten-acre farm becomes a reality, He’s competent to work hard. Unlike theRead MoreOf Mice And Men Character Analysis1137 Words   |  5 PagesThe novel, Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck, written in 1937. Was placed in The Great Depression, in California. Of Mice and Men is a novel about two men named George and Lennie who have a dream to own a house on the land and have animals and a farm to themselves and Lennie is addicted to soft things. Lennie is all about tending rabbits in this dream they have. It is very rare for a two men to travel together in this time period. Everybodys working for themselves to get money for themselvesRead MoreOf Mice And Men Character Analysis839 Words   |  4 PagesThe Friendship of Mice Friendship is a value that everyone should clearly understand the meaning of. Guidance of others through obstacles and making helpful choices. However, there are highs and lows of each friendship, people should always be there for each other as human beings no matter what color you are or what disability you might have. In the novella Of Mice and Men, the author develops the importance of friendships and companionships. The author, John Steinbeck, illustrates the value ofRead MoreOf Mice And Men Character Analysis Essay710 Words   |  3 PagesEvery story focuses on the main characters, but it is not only the protagonist or protagonists that make the plot interesting, the ones who make it interesting are the background characters. In the novel Of Mice and Men, written by John Steinbeck, Steinbeck provides the characters on the ranch diverse roles. The book Of Mice and Men takes place during The Great Depression, focusing on two characters, a pair of friends, with the names of George and Lennie. Throughout the book Steinbeck narrates GeorgeRead MoreOf Mice And Men Curley Character Analysis1277 Words   |  6 PagesThe mystery, the troublemaker, the mischief maker, all these words are used to describe a single person, the wife of the man named Curley. This woman whose name is not ever mentioned in the book, is a character from the book Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck. The presence of this woman alone caused mischief, distrust, a bit of rivalry, and mishap on the farm among the coworkers of her husband. This trouble is demonstrated when Slim says to Curley,  ¨ Well, you been askin ´ me too often. I m gettin ´Read MoreOf Mice And Men Loneliness Character Analysis863 Words   |  4 Pageslife? Inside the novel of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, loneliness was shown by many of the characters including Curley’s wife when she felt like she had no one there, not even her husband, Candy when his dog passed away, and many other characters. Loneliness is a big theme in the novel and affects many of the characters in many different ways. Three main characters who were mostly affected by loneliness in this novel are Crooks, Curley’s wife, and George. One character that experiences lonelinessRead MoreOf Mice and Men by John Steinbeck973 Words   |  4 Pagescanals and working beside men similar to characters in his novels. 2. In a discussion John Steinbeck said, I worked in the same country that the story is laid in. The characters are composites to a certain extent. Lennie was a real person. Hes in an insane asylum in California right now. I worked alongside him for many weeks . . .† (Parini 27) a. During the interview Steinbeck told his personal experiences that permitted him to write and construct the novel Of Mice and Men. II. Proof of Thesis Read MoreAnalysis of Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck1493 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of ‘Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck ‘Of Mice And Men by John Steinbeck is a classic novel, tragedy, written in a social tone. The authorial attitude is idyllic, however, as the story develops it changes into skeptic. It is evident that Steinbeck knew the setting and places he is writing about. In my opinion Steinbeck drew the subject matter from his own experience of working on ranches, he was interested in special kinds of relationships among men working on ranches with him. ThereRead MoreEssay about Analysis of ‘Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck 1488 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of ‘Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck ‘Of Mice And Men by John Steinbeck is a classic novel, tragedy, written in a social tone. The authorial attitude is idyllic, however, as the story develops it changes into skeptic. It is evident that Steinbeck knew the setting and places he is writing about.

We Need new Ways of Security to Attack Terrorism Essay

Unfortunately, in America today, we are confronted with a major issue, insecurity of transportation caused by terrorism. Terrorism today has killed millions of Americans and we are forced to act on these actions. We can’t sit and watch as we are attacked, and people are killed in our own country. We must develop new methods that provide better safety for all passengers. It is very clear that the precautions we are taking now are inefficient and unaffordable. That is why I believe racial profiling is a harsh but, necessary part in keeping America safe. Despite the hostility of racial profiling it is constitutional, it saves money, and most importantly it has worked. In America, the constitution is the final law of the land. The†¦show more content†¦Under the constitution they have created the Equal Protection Clause which states,† the government shall not deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of it laws.†(Public Discourse) By using racial profiling, don’t we equally protect all Americans from all threats? By targeting these races and cultures it makes our airliners safer for everyone including the people being searched. Some people argue that this is an act of racism and will terrorize Muslim or whoever is being targeted with bigotry and mistreatment. Unfortunately, all security system are run by humans so it can’t be perfect because many people have bias and abuse there positions of power, but this is true for all position of power, and can’t be controlled. With all plans there are some consequences but, there are measures that can be put into effect that control this mistreat ment with care guidelines on how to treat those people who they have pulled aside. Not only does it fall under, but it also could save a lot of money. Most people would agree that money talks, no one can argue with that. That is just how our society is today. Looking at the numbers, searching for terrorist by race extremely more efficient than searching everyone in the airport like they do today with the body scanners. They would need less scanner and less TSA workers resulting in a greater revenue for the airports. One of the mainShow MoreRelatedEconomic Impact Of Terrorism On Terrorism1645 Words   |  7 Pages Economic Impact of Terrorism Micheal Bonnett Govt/480 December 8, 2014 Thomas Brown Abstract The impact on the economy from terrorist attacks affects everyone in our country and ones we do trade with on a daily bases. When terrorist attack countries they are trying to disrupt the economy and excite fear in as many people as possible to meet the needs of what the terrorist group is looking to achieve. Without a definitive definition on what terrorism is it will continue to adaptRead MoreTerrorism : Terrorism And Terrorism1126 Words   |  5 PagesTerrorism Have you ever had a fear for your family, your town, your country, or your world. How about the fear to have everything taken from you, destroyed, and not caring if it has hurt you or not? What about your fear and pain is, and can be someone else’s happiness? The fear of you being terrorized? That is terrorism. Someone else bringing fear and terrorizing you. That is a terrorist’s goal. Terrorism is common and is very difficult to stop. The government promises protection for the peopleRead MoreTerrorism And Terrorism : Terrorism1231 Words   |  5 Pages Terrorism is a common term used in the media and news everyday, especially in the United States. We are in a constant battle against ‘terrorism’, â€Å"Counterterrorism has to be woven into the everyday workings of every department. It should be included on the agenda of every meeting†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Kelling Bratton, 2006). Terrorism and How to Respond All terrorism is criminal but not all criminals are terrorists. Terrorism unlike most crimes has a political agenda behind it. Many terrorists are involved withRead MoreInternational Terrorism And Domestic Terrorism Essay1467 Words   |  6 PagesTerrorism is all over the current headlines, but some of the very worst attacks happened 15 years ago in the United States; this occurrence brought around many changes of policies inside the U.S. but also policies in the U.S. regarding other foreign countries. It brings fear and terror to many of its victims and is an extremely dangerous national threat. There are mainly two kinds of terrorism that people can be affected by: International terrorism and domestic terrorism. Both of these can be describedRead MoreA Paper on Britains Security Position1337 Words   |  5 PagesBritains Security Position. Today, Britain faces a different and more complex range of threats from a myriad of sources. These include terrorism, cyber-attack, unconventional attacks using chemical, nuclear or biological weapons, as well as large scale accidents or natural hazards. In this briefing paper, we will discuss what Britains distinctive role should be in the coming years, the future about all of these and how can the UK get prepared. We will suggest strategies for UK security over theRead MoreCyber Terrorism And Threats Of Information System1688 Words   |  7 PagesCyber-Terrorism and Threats to Information System National security has been top priority of the United States after World War II. This is due to the fact that the United States before this time was relatively an isolationist country with no influence in the world. As a result national security was not important, this changed post World War II. The United States found themselves among the top, overnight they went from being new and not listened to, to becoming one of the major players in the worldRead MoreRole Of The Department Of Homeland Security1659 Words   |  7 Pagesterrorist attacks in the history of the United States . The creation of many anti-terrorism organizations was a clear message that this threat is beyond a single military or intelligence capacity. Our citizens demanded a strong response that would prevent any future terrorist threat. President Bush created the Department of Homeland Security as the key agency responsible for all anti-terrorism activities to protect our homeland. Government officials and law make rs introduced anti-terrorism laws andRead MoreTerrorism: September 11th, 2001 Essay870 Words   |  4 PagesStates it was a horrible day. Since then America has never been the same, but we cannot let that day change the way we think and act. Since the attack on September 11th, 2001 American citizens have been afraid of terrorists. The biggest contributor to this fear was 9/11, but that was not the only recent world attack. Terrorist attacks in Syria have also created fear, yet Syria is nowhere near the United States. While terrorism is definitely a threat, this concern is exaggerated. September 11th, 2001Read MoreTerrorism : Terrorism And Terrorism1586 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction We are living in a world where there are so many global threats around us. World is not like heaven. We need to face many problems in our life. We have some global risk also. This year has been a notably rough year. Some of the worst threats make our people more worried. Many researchers and writers are writing about the biggest threats of the world. Several reports are also made to understand the recent global threats. In order to write something about the recentRead MoreOur Safeguards Against Cyberterrorism And What We Can Do About It1737 Words   |  7 PagesNathaniel Howard COMS 3053 Paper #1 Our Safeguards against Cyberterrorism In reality, attacks in cyber-space happen all the time. Over 20 million cyber-attacks happened within Utah in 2013 each day, and this was from Utah’s government websites, not including businesses. (â€Å"Fortis Blog†) Just imagine the various ways one could hack a website. Someone can even look up how to do it nowadays, and with at least half of the population in the U.S. using a computer, there are an untold number of people who

John Locke Provisos Essay Free Essays

John Locke was an English philosopher who had the thought that all people have natural rights. Their natural rights included that of life. autonomy and belongings and the thought of these rights being held by each person is frequently said to be the primary influence of the American Declaration of Independence. We will write a custom essay sample on John Locke Provisos Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Locke farther explains his principle behind natural rights in Two Treatises of Government and peculiarly belongings right in his â€Å"Provisos. † saying the conditions the brand belongings populace or private. Locke’s â€Å"Provisos† discusses the thought that belongings becomes private when a individual labours upon the belongings. His logical thinking that the land becomes the person’s private belongings is that a individual has the right to the fruits of his labour. and he besides has the right to the resource that bore his fruits. in this instance the belongings. As Locke says. â€Å"He by his labour does. as it were. envelop it from the common† ( page 437 ) . By this he means that by tuging over the land. the land is taken off from the remainder of society. the common. and becomes the private belongings of the person. Locke besides believes that â€Å"as much as a adult male tills. workss. improves. cultivates. and can utilize the merchandise of. so much is his property† ( page 437 ) . In this. he is saying that a adult male can have every bit much as can be utile to him ; claiming belongings in surplus and non being able to do it productive is incorrect because the belongings will so travel to blow alternatively of bearing fruit. This is incorrect because â€Å"nothing was made by God for adult male to botch or destroy† ( page 436 ) and holding land lying to waste is along the same lines as destroying the land. This thought from Locke’s â€Å"Provisos† follows from his thought of general belongings rights. He believes that land that has non been influenced by an individual’s labour is land available for all of society. Man should still esteem the land and non work it. but â€Å"were it non for the corruptness and ferociousness of pervert adult male. there would be no demand of any other. no necessity that work forces should divide from this great and natural community† ( page 441 ) . However because world can non be trusted. Locke believes that one time a adult male does set forth attempt to better a piece of belongings. that land and the merchandises of it belong to him. Although that land might belong to one adult male. it is still profiting the remainder of society because â€Å"the commissariats functioning to the support of human life produced by one acre of enclosed and cultivated land are ten times more than those which are yielded by an acre of land of an equal profusion lying waste in common† ( page 437 ) . This is similar to the manner in which both a husbandman and society benefits from his crop. The husbandman and society both can have nutriment from his crop and what crop goes to the remainder of society. he is repaid for. which allows him to go on seeding seeds that will go on to foster the common. A state of affairs of private belongings that would conflict with one of the Lockean provision is belongings that is acclaimed through coercing Native Americans to hold with the American imposts that were being imposed and the American regulation. or to go forth. such as with the Indian Removal Act that was signed into jurisprudence in 1830. The Native Americans had worked the land and made it suited to back up their life style and in the quest to accomplish Manifest Destiny. nil would impede the determined heads of the Americans. Harmonizing to Locke. the land truly belonged to the Native Americans because they had labored on the land to do it comfortable. They did non work it ; they used the resources sagely and nil went to blow with their minimalist life style. With the Indian Removal Act that President Andrew Jackson signed into consequence. all Native Americans had to be relocated to countries west of the Mississippi River. The Native Americans were removed on the footing that American colonisers needed the land and wanted to accomplish Manifest Destiny. Another state of affairs affecting private belongings that would go against one of the Lockean provision would be that of the authorities prehending land due to unpaid revenue enhancements. In this state of affairs. a husbandman could hold yielded a big crop. but the demand for his harvest declined greatly to the point that he is unable to do a big adequate net income to pay his revenue enhancements. This could fall into a form for many old ages to come. finally making the point that the authorities can no longer merely maintain seting the husbandman into more debt. The husbandman would hold to claim bankruptcy and the authorities would prehend his land. This would go against Locke’s thought that the land a adult male plant. is his. The husbandman was making the best he could. was profiting society. and ne’er consented to losing his right to his land. but the authorities took it away anyhow. I believe that Locke right draws the line on private belongings because we have the right over our ain organic structures. and if the work of those organic structures can unite with resources to make something. so we have the right to claim that merchandise and the resources we used to do it. No 1 else put forth the attempt and therefore the fruit of our attempts are ours. I believe that difficult work deserves reward and that wages is the right to the merchandise. As Locke says. â€Å"The labour of his organic structure and the work of his custodies. we may state. are properly his† ( page 436 ) . How to cite John Locke Provisos Essay, Essay examples

Health Variation Left Heart Failure

Question: Discuss about the Health Variation for Left Heart Failure. Answer: 1: This case study is regarding Mrs. Brown who is 78 years old and has been admitted to the Emergency department at 6 am after waking up with severe breathlessness. The patient has a history of heart failure, which was diagnosed two years ago. On physical examination, she was diagnosed with atrial fibrillation, which suggested acute exacerbation of left heart failure. The inefficient pumping of the heart for maintaining the blood flow in the body leads to congestive left heart failure. The clinical manifestations of this disease include pulmonary edema, fatigue, shortness of breath and swelling feet and ankles. The patient also had severe dyspnoea that was apparent by the elevated respiratory rate of 24 breaths/ min and had an abnormal pulse rate of 110 beats/minute. It is essential to know the pathogenesis of this condition, which is leading towards these manifestations of the patient (Rosenkranz et al., 2015). The cause of heart failure is due to the inefficiency of the muscles of the heart along with other conditions such as cardiac amyloidosis. For the patients like Mrs. Brown, the normal Frank-starling mechanism fails and due to this, the contraction of muscles become difficult and leads to a decreased cardiac output. The changes in neurohumoral status, blood volume and vascular function arise due to cardiac dysfunctions (Park et al., 2012). The vascular and cardiac changes associated with left heart failure are the following: Reduced ejection fraction in case of systolic dysfunction and ventricular dilation impaired filling in the case of diastolic dysfunction Increase in diastolic pressure and decrease in cardiac output Vascular alterations comprise impaired arterial pressure and increased volume of blood (Steinberg et al., 2012). In the patients with heart failure, a decreased output is seen due to the reduction in the stroke volume because of either diastolic or systolic dysfunction. In the case of diastolic dysfunction, stiffening of ventricle occurs along with the impairing of normal ventricular filling. High ventricular end-pressure and decreased ejection of blood results due to reduced ventricular filling. On the other hand, systolic dysfunction results due to the loss of contractility followed by acute myocardial infarction. This compensatory mechanism is initiated by using the Frank-Starling mechanism for increasing stroke volume (Reil et al., 2013). The volume of blood in left heart failure is enhanced due to the reduced renal perfusion, which leads to the more fluid retention and reduced output of urine. In addition, the activation of rennin-angiotensin system augments the secretion of aldosterone. The outcome is enhanced in the renal absorption of sodium and other fluids. The increased volume of blood helps in maintaining the cardiac output leads to an increase in the venous pressure resulting in systemic and pulmonary edema. For understanding this mechanism, there is a need to understand the cause of clinical manifestation of the patient in the present case study of the patient and plan treatment in order to reduce the volume of blood. The patient is also having a crackle sound at the base of each lung also suggest that she is experiencing pulmonary edema due to which she is not able to breathe properly (Rosenkranz et al., 2015). The neurohumoral response in the heart of the patients like Mrs. Brown takes place due to heart failure. It is concerned with the activation of the sympathetic nerves together with the release of atrial peptides and vasopressin. It results in venous constriction, vasoconstriction and increased volume of blood (Bath et al., 2016). All of these are the compensatory mechanisms for increasing ventricular filling and, but it frequently deteriorates the condition by enhancing the ventricular load and results in pulmonary congestion and edema. Hence, it is necessary to know the pathophysiology of heart failure for finding the rationale for every therapeutic intervention (Schwartzenberg et al., 2012). 2: For management of Mrs. Brown, the two high priority-nursing strategies are the following: Strategy for relieving pulmonary and dyspnoea: in order to manage acute shortness of breath, the nurse for providing relief from the symptoms of dyspnoea can administer diuretics. It will also be necessary to monitor closely the renal function, fluid balance and urine output in the patient. The output of urine can be assessed by indwelling urinary catheter but is should be restricted very soon as it results in infections of the urinary tract (McMurray et al., 2012). Strategy for managing the decreased cardiac output: As the patient is experiencing irregular rhythm of pulse along with an altered heart rate, it is essential to plan intervention that will help to reduce the workload of the heart and provide the patient hemodynamic stability. At first the nurses will assess the sounds of the heart and lungs. They will also monitor the blood pressure and perform diagnostic test. For improving the cardiac output, they will administer the cardiac glycoside agents. They will teach the patient to assume those positions, which will better expansion of the chest and along with improved pulmonary capacity. It is necessary to provide education to the patient regarding the pathophysiology of disease for managing the disease in a proper way (McHugh Ma, 2013). 3. a) IV furosenide: a loop diuretic pill helps in the prevention of reabsorption of water in the kidney by blocking potassium-chloride cotransporter. On the chloride binding site, competitive inhibition prevents the transport of sodium and reduces osmotic gradient for reabsorption of water throughout the nephron (Ali et al., 2014). Glyceryl trinitrate: It leads to the activation of guanylate cyclase enzyme and helps in stimulating the release of cyclic guanosine 3 5monophospate. It results in protein kinase dependent phosphorylation in the smoothy muscles and leads to dephosphorylation of of myosin chain of the smooth muscle (Viefhues et al., 2012). b) After giving Furosemide to the patient, the signs of allergic responses towards drugs will such as nausea, selling of face, kidney problem and jaundice will be will be checked by the nurse. As this drug is utilized for preventing the body to absorb excess salt, it might also result in electrolyte imbalance. Therefore, the nurses should check the signs of muscle cramp, dry mouth and thirst (Ali et al., 2014). Glyceryl trinitrate is used for the treatment of heart failure and angina. The nurses should take precautions prior to giving it to the patients having glaucoma, anaemia and low blood pressure. The nurses should also monitor the side effect of this drug in the patients having rapid heartbeat, rashes, dizziness, vomiting and swelling (Viefhues et al., 2012). C) The evaluation of therapeutic effect of the drug will be carried out by checking whether the symptoms of swelling and breathlessness have reduced or not. It will diminish the likelihood of heart attack. Glyceral nitrate is a vasodilator, and its therapeutic effects will be evaluated by checking if the patients are relived from the symptoms of heart failure (Viefhues et al., 2012). References Ali, Y., Parekh, A. M., Rao, R. K., Baig, M. R. (2014). Furosemide Induced Electrolyte Imbalance: A Real Danger of Overdiuresis in Patients with Heart Failure.Journal of International Translational Medicine,2(4), 482-484. Bath, P. M., Woodhouse, L., Krishnan, K., Anderson, C., Berge, E., Ford, G. A., ... in Acute Stroke Collaboration. (2016). Effect of Treatment Delay, Stroke Type, and Thrombolysis on the Effect of Glyceryl Trinitrate, a Nitric Oxide Donor, on Outcome after Acute Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Patient from Randomised Trials.Stroke research and treatment,2016. Guazzi, M. (2014). Pulmonary hypertension in heart failure preserved ejection fraction prevalence, pathophysiology, and clinical perspectives.Circulation: Heart Failure,7(2), 367-377. McHugh, M. D., Ma, C. (2013). Hospital nursing and 30-day readmissions among Medicare patients with heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, and pneumonia.Medical care,51(1), 52. McMurray, J. J., Adamopoulos, S., Anker, S. D., Auricchio, A., Bhm, M., Dickstein, K., ... Jaarsma, T. (2012). ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012.European journal of heart failure,14(8), 803-869. Park, S. J., Milano, C. A., Tatooles, A. J., Rogers, J. G., Adamson, R. M., Steidley, D. E., ... Slaughter, M. S. (2012). Outcomes in advanced heart failure patients with left ventricular assist devices for destination therapy.Circulation: Heart Failure,5(2), 241-248. Reil, J. C., Hohl, M., Reil, G. H., Granzier, H. L., Kratz, M. T., Kazakov, A., ... Grber, S. (2013). Heart rate reduction by If-inhibition improves vascular stiffness and left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in a mouse model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.European heart journal,34(36), 2839-2849. Rosenkranz, S., Gibbs, J. S. R., Wachter, R., De Marco, T., Vonk-Noordegraaf, A., Vachiry, J. L. (2015). Left ventricular heart failure and pulmonary hypertension.European heart journal, ehv512. Schwartzenberg, S., Redfield, M. M., From, A. M., Sorajja, P., Nishimura, R. A., Borlaug, B. A. (2012). Effects of vasodilation in heart failure with preserved or reduced ejection fraction: implications of distinct pathophysiologies on response to therapy.Journal of the American College of Cardiology,59(5), 442-451. Steinberg, B. A., Zhao, X., Heidenreich, P. A., Peterson, E. D., Bhatt, D. L., Cannon, C. P., ... Fonarow, G. C. (2012). Trends in Patients Hospitalized with Heart Failure and Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction-Prevalence, Therapies, and Outcomes.Circulation, CIRCULATIONAHA-111. Tanai, E., Frantz, S. (2014). Pathophysiology of heart failure.Comprehensive Physiology Viefhues, H., Schoene, W., Rychlik, R., Kimchi, A., Lewis, B. S., Weiss, M. (Eds.). (2012).Chronic Heart Failure: I. Quality of Life II. Nitrate Therapy. Springer Science Business Media.

Asian Americans in Enclaves Essays - Ethnic Enclaves,

Asian Americans in Enclaves The dictionary definition of enclave is ?1. a country, or especially, an outlying portion of a country, entirely or mostly surrounded by the territory of another country; or 2. any small, distinct area or group enclosed or isolated within a larger one (e.g., a Chinese-speaking enclave in London)? (dictionary.com). The reading by Chung talks about ?ethnic enclaves? and its three types: the one-step-up, the new immigrant, and the suburban enclaves. One-step-up enclaves are located in areas with easy access to Chinatown. Presence of emerging middle class is the strongest in this type of enclave (Chung 101). Most of them are not new immigrants, but arrivals from other areas (i.e., immigrants who already have resided in the U.S. for several years). The first and largest of this kind of enclave is Quincy, Massachusetts. Most Asian American households in Quincy are complete family units, who are able to purchase home when family members pool their resources together. Dissimilarly, new immigrant enclaves ?are situated in municipalities with the lowest median household income? (Chung 105). Generally, new immigrant enclave members are poor, and contain more single persons or incomplete families. They live in areas where the median household income is far below the state median (Chung 106). Thus, new immigrants face problems like poor housing facilities, high crime rate, and poor school systems. On the other hand, suburban enclaves are the exact opposite of new immigrant enclaves. Suburban enclaves are known for having a quality life, excellent school system, and a progressive atmosphere (Chung 106). An example of this enclave is Lexington city, where in residents are mostly professionals, entrepreneurs, or business owners. Asian Americans are often referred to as ?the Asian American community? (Chung 99). Chung is challenging that by bringing up this concept of enclaves. Chung is pointing out that ?ethnic enclaves? are different from ?community?. The term ethnic enclave is inclusive, fluid and dynamic, while the term community is static and structured, and assumes homogeneity and coherence. Moreover, ethnic enclaves intearact more often amongst themselves, other enclaves, or the society, while the ?community? concept doesn?t. This reading also shows that as more Asian Americans immigrate to the U.S., traditional communities not only grow but also evolve as they absorb the new arrivals and adapt to the non-Asian environment around them.

slaves of the middle passage Essay Example

slaves of the middle passage Essay Example slaves of the middle passage Essay slaves of the middle passage Essay et al. , 2006a. Hemispheres, Neuroscience for Kids [accessed June 7, 2007] http://faculty. washington. edu/chudler/ split. tml. Chudler, E. H. , et al. , 2006b. Sidedness, Neuroscience for Kids [accessed June 7, 2007] http://faculty. washington. edu/chudler/rightl. html. This project is based on an entry to the 2007 California State Science Fair: Hines, K. K. nd R. S. Thurman, 2007. Ballin: The Effect of Hand and Eye Dominance on a Subjects Free Throw Percentage, California State Science Fair Abstract [accessed June 7, 2007] http:// www. usc. edu/CSSF/History/2007/ProJects/S1106. pdf. This website has descriptions and calculators for several statistical tests, including the Students t-test that you can use in this project: Kirkman, T. date unknown. Students t-Tests, Department of Physics, College of St. Benedict St. Johns University [accessed June 7, 2007]http:// www. physics. csbs]u. edu/stats/t-test. html. Materials and Equipment To do this experiment you will need the following materials and equipment: 50-100 volunteers to take hand and eye dominance tests and then shoot free throws; notes: The more subjects you can test, the more reliable your results will be For more information, see the Science Buddies resource, How Many Participants Do I Need? Basketball Basketball court Hand dominance surveys Lab notebook Variations For a more basic experiment on determining right side/left side dominance in a sample population, see the Science Buddies project Are You Left or Right Sided? In this experiment, your hypothesis might have been that, when shooting free throws, the ball would (at least partially) block the dominant eye for shooters with uncrossed hand and eye dominances. Therefore, shooters with crossed hand and eye dominances might be expected to have an advantage. Can you think of a way to measure how much the ball blocks the vision of the dominant eye for each shooter? Can you incorporate this additional data into your analysis? Another approach to this project would be to use actual freethrow shooting statistics for real basketball teams. The trick is that you will need to be able to test (or survey) each player to find out their dominant hand and dominant eye. As in the experiment described above, it would be best to have at least 50-100 participants in your study, so youll need to test (or survey) a lot of players. Each player you include in your study will also need to have a significant number of freethrow attempts over the course of the season, so that you know the freethrow shooting percentage is reliable. What do you think the ffect of crossed hand/eye dominance would be in other sports, e. g. hitting a baseball, archery, target rifle shooting, soccer, or golf? Design an experiment to test your hypothesis. 1. Do your background research so that you are knowledgeable about the terms, concepts, and questions, above. 2. Youll need to recruit 50-100 volunteers for this project. Ideally all of your volunteers will be approximately the same age, and will have roughly the same amount of experience shooting free throws . 3. The simplest way to collect the data for this experiment is to use a separate data sheet for each participant. On each data sheet you will need to collect the following information: a. Name b. Age c. Gender d. Hand dominance e. Eye dominance f. Number of years playing basketball g. Free throw percentage 4. To determine hand dominance, ask or observe: a. Which hand does your subject use for writing? Oust ask your subject to write his or her name. ) b. Which hand does your subject use to throw a ball. Give a ball to your subject and ask him or her to throw it to you. c. Which hand does your subject use to shoot baskets? (Generally when shooting, one hand cradles the ball, and the other hand launches the ball toward the basket. The hand providing the driving force to the ball is the shooting hand. ) d. You could also simply ask each subject if they are right-handed, left-handed or mixed (ask for examples of what they do with each hand). You may want to analyze the data from subjects with mixed hand dominance separately (but you may need a large group of test subjects to get significant results). 5. To determine eye dominance, have the subject do the following (Archeryweb. org, date unknown): a. Extend both hands to arms length in front of you, and put your hands together to make a small triangle between your thumbs and the first knuckle n each hand (see Figure 1 below). The triangle should be roughly 2-3 cm on each side. Figure 1 . The illustration above shows how to make a sighting triangle with your hands to determine which of your eyes is dominant. (Image from Archeryweb. org, date unknown) b. With both eyes open, look through the triangle and center something (e. g. , a doorknob) in the triangle. c. Close your left eye. If the object remains in view, you are right eye dominant. If your hands appear to move off the object and move to the left, then you are left eye dominant. d. To validate the first est, look through the triangle and center the object again with both eyes open. e. Close your right eye. If the object remains in view, you are left eye dominant. If your hands appear to move off the object and move to the right, then you are right eye dominant. f. An alternative method is to assume the same position with your hands, and center the triangle around the object with both eyes open. Now, slowly bring your hands toward your face while continuing to look at the object with both eyes open. When your hands touch your face, the triangle opening should be in front of your dominant eye. g. Repeat the above tests a number of times to satisfy yourself that you are sure which eye is your dominant eye. . Have the subject shoot at least shots). Determine the shooting percentage for each subject: shooting % = 100 * number of shots made / number of shots taken. 7. For each subject, determine whether they have crossed or uncrossed hand and eye dominances. a. Crossed hand and eye dominances would be: left hand/right eye or right hand/left eye. Uncrossed hand and eye dominances would be: le ft hand/left eye or right hand/right eye. 8. Calculate the average shooting percentage for the participants with uncrossed hand nd eye dominances. 9. Calculate the average shooting percentage for the participants with crossed hand and eye dominances. 10. More advanced students should also calculate the standard deviation of the shooting percentage for each group. 11. Make a bar graph to show the average shooting percentage for both groups. Is there any difference between the two groups? 12. More advanced students should also calculate whether any difference found is statistically significant. For example, you could use a t-test to see if any difference between the mean shooting percentage of the two groups is significant (Kirkman, date unknown).

English reading and writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

English reading and writing - Essay Example At first, his paranoia gives him the irrational fear of the vulture's eye which brings him the urge to kill the old man. Being the first story I have read which is a psychological thriller and horror story at the same time, I become very much interested and involved with the story. I can say that this is one of the best stories of murder I have ever read as it explores how people with psychological disorders think and why they do the things that they do. In the end, the Tell Tale Heart also acknowledges the conscience within man by showing how the relentless heartbeat of the old man bothers the murderer. It simply portrays that even though the murderer become greatly satisfied because he was able to rid himself of the object of his fear, he still has this innate longing to do what is right as dictated by his conscience. With the Tell Tale Heart, Edgar Allan Poe is highly successful in affecting and influencing readers like me. On the other hand, The Cask of Amontillado is a more intricate and complicated plot of murder. I can say that Edgar Allan Poe is able to devise and show the perfect plot for murder. As opposed to The Tell Tale Heart which tackles paranoia and guilt, the main theme of the story is revenge.

Mobilising Creativity and Innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Mobilising Creativity and Innovation - Essay Example 1996). In my previous work experience, I was a support worker in customer service, handling customer orders and fielding customer complaints. My domain-relevant skills were proficiency in utilising the electronic computer systems at the firm and excellence at understanding the procurement process along the value chain. In the creative process, I was able to draw on these talents and knowledge bases to come up with innovative service solutions. In this organisation, the service team was not provided with a well-developed training model illustrating best practices for handling customer support issues. Hence, the management team relied on our own creative ideas to ensure that customer’s perceived a rapid response, quality of service, and ability to fulfil their service needs. When first working within the organisation, I was substantially motivated through intrinsic factors, with a genuine enjoyment for the work and the challenge of dealing with diverse and sometimes difficult customer segments. However, over time, with a track record of providing creative solutions to customers, my motivation for creative output began to deteriorate and I was unable to come up with imaginative solutions in difficult service situations. The problem was that I was receiving no external accolades for superior performance and a track record of customer satisfaction. Careful self-reflection indicated a substantial problem: I was heavily reliant on extrinsic motivators to remain motivated toward the creative task in the long-term. The organisation maintained a social norm where it was commonplace for managers to criticise new ideas and there were ample political problems throughout the organisational model, which was identified by Woodman, Sawyer and Griffin (1993) as being barriers to the creative process. However, having been initially motivated intrinsically, I should have been able to overcome these social and organizational-environmental problems

Business Intelligence Table of contacts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Intelligence Table of contacts - Essay Example Technology helps develop the basis of business intelligence as its availability is the actual platform upon which business intelligence is based. What this suggests is the fact that the technological regimes would manifest a solid meaning and implication for the different processes to be completed within the business intelligence ranks. Whether or not technology comes out here as a significant tool is for the understanding of the people who are behind such an exercise. This is important because technological changes and amendments need to be incorporated within the business intelligence realms and without the incorporation of the same, there would not be any success for the sake of the business intelligence in the long run (Fuld, 1991). A number of renowned technological giants like IBM, HP and Microsoft are devising business intelligence software and tools to tackle the business related issues within a globally changing organizational climate. The role of the people and the processe s within business intelligence is such that they form the vital link through which work gets done. The business intelligence would not be termed as such if the people and their processes are not apt and in line with the changing requirements of the time. They have to incorporate the role of the technology and therefore take care of the impending issues.

Development of Eco-Friendly Rice Farming

Development of Eco-Friendly Rice Farming Globally, agriculture has been considered as one of the major sources of greenhouse gases (GHG) (Chauhan et al., 2006; IPCC, 2007). In terms of anthropogenic GHG emissions, agriculture accounted 14%, which contributes 47% CH4 and 84% N2O emissions (IPCC, 2007; US-EPA, 2006). Rice is staple food in many countries and also an important part of the diet for a large portion of the world’s human population (Maraseni et al., 2009; Smith et al., 2008). Furthermore, the world’s annual rice production must be increased from 518 million tons in 1990 to 760 million tons in 2020 (International Rice Research Institute, 1989) to feed the growing population. The yield potential of rice largely depends upon the proper management of fertilizer and irrigation water, but farmers are using them extensively for increasing yields which incur cost and also has adverse effect on global climate. The cultivation of paddy rice contributes toward the emissions of the most important greenhouse gase s (GHGs) responsible for global warming viz; CO2, CH4 and N2O (Jacobson, 2005; Allen et al., 2009; Bhattacharyya et al., 2009). Mitigation of GHG emission from farming systems is the current hot issue and extensive research works are going on throughout the world for developing eco-friendly as well as cost-effective technologies to mitigate the emission of methane and other GHG from rice fields (Zschornack et al., 2011; Harada et al., 2007). Different mechanisms for mitigating methane emissions have been proposed by the researchers including fertilizer use, proper water management and altering magnitude of organic amendment dominate to enhance yield potential of rice, as well as reduce CH4 fluxes (Jane et al., 2007; Liou et al., 2003). Incorporation of rice residue into the soil is safe eco-friendly practice and it gradually improves soil organic carbon, phosphorus and potassium contents (Prasad et al., 1999) but it leads to increase methane emission due to flooding during rice growing season (Summer et al., 2003; Pathak, and Wassmann, 2007). The mechanisms behind CH4 emission thought to be considered as creating anaerobic condition that favor more emission (IPCC, 2006; Hardy, 2003; Wang et al., 2000; Yao et al., 1999). On the other hand, draining the wetlands during the rice growing season for once or several times, known as intermittent drainage or alternate wetting and drying (AWD) significantly lower CH4 emissions (Smith Conen, 2004; Yan et al., 2003). Continuous flood irrigation emits higher CH4 than intermittent irrigation (Towprayoon et al., 2005, Nagroho et al., 1994; Minamikawa and N. Sakai, 2006.) which tends to turn down near zero emission during drainage period but increase immediately after re-flooding. A single drainage reduces emissions by ≈40% (Yan et al., 2005, 2009) and found from a study in Orissa is that methane emissions of 16, 19, 27 and 36kg ha-1 per season from alternately flooded, continuously flooded, alternately flooded with 2t straw and continuously flooded with 2t straw, fields respectively (Adhya et al., 2000). Although straw addition increased the methane emissions but when combined with alternate irrigations systems, ultimate emissions was less than continuous flooding. Studies reported that AWD serve as mitigation potential of GHG by 35% accompanied and reduced rice yield 7%. So, short period drainage during rice flowering stage considered as compromise of decreasing GHG emissions and also compensate the yield penalty (Towprayoon et al., 2005; Ma et al., 2011; Maraseni et al., 2007). Improved water management can decrease methane emissions by avoiding waterlogging and keeping the soil as dry as possible (Xu et al., 2003; Cai et al., 2003; Kang et al., 2002) and adjusting organic material addition time (e.g. incorporating organic residue in the dry period instead of flooded periods; Cai Xu, 2004; Xu et al., 2000;), composting the residues before incorporation (Wang Shangguan, 1996; Wassmann et al., 2000). Therefore, the relationship between organic amendment and intermittent drainage systems should be investigated in order to find the best compromise for CH4 emission without affecting the yield potential. Worldwide 80% of rice is grown in developing countries mostly by the smallholder farmers in low income groups (Hardy, 2003). Therefore, motivation of small holder’s famers from traditional rice cultivation towards organic farming will reduce the GHG emission. As the traditional practices applied higher fertilizer, pesticide, water and others input which tends to release more GHG to the atmosphere. While the organic farming solely relies on organic amendment, discards chemical fertilizer and same the time builds up the soil organic matter status. The farming practices would be low GHG farming and also climate neutral (Niggli et al., 2009). Mitigation options for GHG emissions as stated by Smith et al. (2007) and Bellarby et al. (2008) and claim that both farmers and policymakers will face challenges from the GHG-related changes needed in agriculture. The main factors restrict farmers for adapting climate smart rice farming includes little information broadcast about climate change and less activity by agricultural extension service; high cost of farm inputs, limited irrigation facilities, labour and income constraints and government negligence towards risk management against climate change, (Ozor et al., 2010). Therefore, identification of innovative model farmer groups and adoption of climate smart rice farming techniques need to be explored. Climate change adaptation is an expensive practices and the cost mostly revealed via the necessity of intensive labor use. Thereby farmers always faced problem due to unavailability and higher cost of farm labor. But farmer only needs time to learn about new techniques, once when they gain experience and become familiar to adapt the processes, labour requirement will be less. Another aspect, as the most of small holder rice farmers are pro-poor, that’s why insufficient money liquidity hinders farmers to have access for necessary technologies and resources need for facilitating climate change adaptation strategy (Mishra and Salokhe, 2011. Hence, farmer cannot adapt the low GHG mitigation practices if they don’t have sufficient family labor or sufficient fund to hire the labor (Ozor et al., 2010). Thereby, financial support from governance level is crucial to overcome barriers of the local farmers in the form of subsidy. Electronic information technology is used to collect, process and analyze multisource data for decision-making (Sonka, Bauer and Cherry, 1997). Different extension methodologies can be used for the dissemination of information on climate sound rice farming by diffusion of innovation (Oladele, 2013). Smart phone apps and web-based decision-support tools has developed for providing stakeholders with ready access to data-intensive research results necessary for on-farm management by farmers and strategic decision-making by policymakers (Kruger et al., 2011). As for example- mobile or online access of IRRI knowledge bank, Radio drama in Nigeria (World Bank, 2012), community radio such as Climate Radio in Ghana, Krishi Radio and television programs in Bangladesh (ELDIS, 2013), cyber village project in Mannila, Philippines etc are recently applied technologies to reach the climate sound and site specific nutrient management at farm level (Oladele, 2013). Developing climate smart farming practices necessitate decision support from society to adopt at farm level. This approach depends upon decision criteria based on water management (wet and dry system) and addition of organic amendments. Organic manure incorporation is easier but for water management, farmers have to control the level and number of irrigation in the rice field, which may make it difficulties to follows. Low GHG emissions practices also involved hidden cost that is difficult to articulate in monetary term. At the beginning, farmer has to overcome the unexpected losses through trials and error as the processes are more detailed and complicated. At the same time, knowledge and skill needed by farmers to invest capital and time with regards to achieve success. The irrigation system in a particular area is based on a community or a group decision, which means that an individual farmer, who applies a different irrigating pattern will affect working schedule of the community or the group (Arayaphong, 2012). Existing electronic decision support system should be improved including above mentioned climate smart technique to adopt successfully at farm level. Smallholder’s innovative model farmers groups should need to motivate and address them about climate smart rice farming with less input and higher income by building linkage among extension officers, research institutes and recently developed electronic information devices for successful implementation at grass root level. Although low GHG rice farming practices are indispensable to cope up global warming and also need proper implementation at the farmer level, but little research work has done focusing decision support system and integration of climate sound information into the electronic data base. Therefore, the proposed study will be carried out to fulfill the following objectives: 5. METHODOLOGY This section will be addressed the above mentioned questions step by steps. Experiment I: GHG mitigation potential of water management, when utilizing complex organic manures in rice farming As we already know that rice field contributes a significant amount of GHG especially CH4. The emissions strongly correlated with the depth of water table and also type of organic manure used as well as their timing of applications. In this experiment I will apply various types of organic manures such as compost, rice straw and green manure at different rates (6 ton/ha and 12 ton/ha). Rice straw and green manure will be chopped properly into small pieces before applying into the fields. After that the application of organic manures in the fields will be done at different times such as before rice transplanting, at tillering stage and at flowering stage. Lastly the comparison will be drawn between the continuously flooded and intermittently flooded fields in terms of GHGs flux from these experimental plots. Measurements of methane emission Methane flux from the rice field plots will be monitored whole crop cycle. Emitted CH4 will be sampled by using the manual closed chamber technique (Datta et al., 2009; Rolston, 1986). To make the system airtight Plexiglas chambers (50 cm _ 40 cm _ 100 cm) will fix on the aluminum channels, inserted 10 cm inside the soil with the channels filled with water. The air inside the chamber will be mixed by a battery operated fan to get a homogenous composition (Ghosh et al., 2003). Methane concentration will be measured by flame ionization detection (FID) gas chromatography (Ramakrishnan et al., 1995). From the experiment we will be able to know which water management and organic matter application approach will provide lowest GHG emission from the rice farming and suitable time for incorporation of organic complex will be found from this experimental set up. Experiment II: Investigation of GHG mitigations approaches in a series of farm types and evaluation of their mitigation potential The main ambition of this experiment is to generate data from different farming system and what are the driving forces for GHG mitigation potential that could be included in a decision support system. I will use the lowest GHG emission technique that will come up from the first experiment. The practices will be applied in a series of farm types to quantify and compare costs, benefits, expected profits and risks between the conventional and organic farming with intermittent drainage by using CBA basis and Monte Carlo simulation. According to Broadman, et al. (2006), a few steps are taken in a CBA; specifying alternatives or scenarios of the project, identifying key players (who will be affected by the project), collecting, and measuring costs and benefits. To begin with standings identification, a farmer is the main actor who is affected directly from rice production through a profit and production cost. The second actor is the environment because nature and ecological system are impa cted by toxicity and exploitation of resources from rice production. Lastly, a society is regarded as third actor because an impact on a farmer and the environment also affects the society. Comparative analysis among different farm types will be done in respect to cost and benefits in terms of water, labor and nutrient efficiency and impact on yield and productivity. Finally, the society will make decision to accept farming typology based on higher farmers profit and lower environment damage. A structured set of questionnaire will be sent to the local farmers mentioning the constraints facing during cultivating low GHG emission rice practices in their own farm. Experiment III: Improvement of electronic decision support systems including elements of water use efficiency, organic fertilizers and greenhouse gas emissions This experiment will focus on the exploring the driving factors of different system and potential of implementing GHG mitigation practices. This should also include aspects of farmer awareness and priorities as well as knowledge systems, leading towards the decision support tool aspects. The data base will generate from experiment II about nutrient use efficiency of organic manure, low green house gas mitigation potential, irrigation scheduling for intermittent drainage from different farm types will be incorporated in the existing electronic information systems. After that a series of test will be conducted for farmer awareness rising on environmental impacts of farming. There are few electronic information system has been developed by IRRI for transferring updated news to the small holder farmers. In Philippines, NMRiceMobile (Nutrient Manager for RiceMobile) has provided the rice growing farmers and also the extension workers with free guidelines for fertilizer application by using mobile phones which has been widely used by local farmers since 2011. Through text messages (SMS), they can receive information on the amount, right time and the kind of fertilizer should be applied to maximize production and income from their rice cultivation. Method demonstration, result demonstration and field day will be conducted at the farm to inspire the farmers in a community. Statistical analysis Collected will be analyzed to compare the mean difference by using DMRT as outlined by Gomez and Gomez, (1984). Analysis of variance will be performed using the Proc Mixed procedure of Statistical Analysis System (SAS Inst., 1999). 6. RISK AND ETHICS OF PROPOSED RESEARCH The main aspect of this study is to propagate the climate smart rice farming to the farmers. Glass house experiments will be carried out to know the best combination of organic matter use and water application along with timing of organic complex incorporation. Methane and nitrous oxide flux need to be measured carefully. After that transfer of this knowledge to the farm community and their acceptance will may be one of the constraint. As the farmers in a particular locality cultivate rice by following their own traditional system, so motivate them to the new techniques arise the questions of acceptance. Generally local communities decide the irrigation system in a particular place. Therefore, new irrigation practices like alternate wetting or drying or intermittent drainage might interrupt the normal irrigation scheduling. This may create new conflicts among local farmers. Intermittent irrigation is difficult to manage especially for a farmer, who is lack of water resource accessibility. These production processes requires more time and labour use than conventional system. Time and labour constrains can be overcome by proficient management. Water control is also a serious constraint because the process is complicated and detailed, which is not suitable for a farmer who has difficulty in water resource accessibility. Besides, a farmer needs to be trained and educated about new innovative method, which is also a constraint and cost for a farmer as well. Further interesting point is risk-preference of a local farmer. As mentioned in the introduction, an agricultural yield gain depends on an uncontrollable factor, which means that a farmer has to take responsibility of riskiness by him- or herself. Therefore, risk analysis is also an important factor in decision making. Although climate smart rice technique will generates economic and sustainable benefits to a farmer’s household, but an investment in the technology is higher than the normal system. Variations in labour cost and interest rate are the main constraint obstructing a farmer to change water harvesting pattern. Therefore, government or policy maker should facilitate the credit system for farmer’s motivation. Inclusion of climate sound rice farming tactic into the electronic decision support might be another barriers. Sometime there is knowledge gap between research station and farmers level, so if the farmer not aware about this practice, successful implementation would be impossible. The main outcome of this study is to develop climate smart rice farming strategy. Rice cultivation responsible for significant GHGs emissions to the atmosphere and contributes greatly for global warming. On the other hand, fertilizer causes higher production costs which in turn emit CH4 and N2O after applying to the fields. While the use of organic manure build the soil nutrient pool and also reduce the dependency on fertilizer purchase but also contribute to a extent CH4 and N2O emission. Their emission strongly correlated with water management. Therefore, sound water management technique will be found from this experimental study. Various studies has already been conducted on rice straw incorporation in continuous flooding system and methane emission flux but intermittent drainage practices during the rice growth stages largely ignored in these study. Mechanism for methane emission from the flooded condition due to decomposition of organic matter enhances methanogenesis process by creating anaerobic conditions. Therefore, intermittent drainage can stop these processes as aerobic condition will develop by draining the excess water from the field for while. The main actor in this study is the small holder farmers. Newly developed method will need societal acceptance to adopt at farm level. Therefore, cost benefit analysis will be done to encourage them which techniques will provide higher return by utilizing limited resources of fertilizers and water use. Finally this newly innovative technique should be integrated in the existing electronic decision support system including the information of nutrient use efficiency of organic manure and low green house gas emission practices. This information base will help to disseminate the climate sound rice farming practices to the end users. Rice farmers must upgrade and well equip themselves with the scientific principles of rice paddy ecosystems management by applying sound rice cultivation techniques.

Discuss Charlotte Bronte’s portrayal of childhood in Jane Eyre. Essay

Discuss Charlotte Bronte’s portrayal of childhood in Jane Eyre. Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s ‘Jane Eyre’ was a controversial novel for its time. It traces the heroine from an orphan child to a contented adult woman. Through the trials Jane experiences Brontà « highlights many hypocritical aspects of Victorian society, mainly focusing on the religious hypocrisy of the era. Subtitled ‘An Autobiography’, the novel in parts closely resembles Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s own childhood and her evocation of Jane’s experiences of Gateshead and Lowood remain as vivid as ever for the modern reader. Brontà « explores childhood feelings of hurt and loss, focusing on a solitary, suffering child. In these first nine chapters we see Jane at 'Gateshead', where she is the victim of unjust treatment within the Reed family (a 'poor relation'), and then at Lowood, the victim once more of a harsh, tyrannical and unjust regime (despite the good influences of Miss Temple). In these circumstances Jane is shown to be continually subject to harsh and unjust treatment. Yet the narration also establishes Jane as a passionate, emotional, potentially fiery, and morally clear-sighted: she has a strong will, and refuses to let injustice and hypocrisy go by. She comments that ‘conventionality is not morality’. However this unusual and uncontrollable passion in a little girl is abhorred in Victorian society, it goes against the doctrine that states ‘children should be seen and not heard.’ Bessie exclaims ‘Did anybody ever see such a picture of passion!’ when Jane attacks Master Reed. She is often described by the Reed household as an animal: ‘you rat!’; ‘Hold her arms Miss Abbot: she’s like a mad cat.’ She is lowly regarded within the household, they wish she c... ...es represented by Mrs. Reed and Mr Brocklehurst is shown most clearly in the character of Helen Burns, who is most clearly a product of their propagandizing on humility and self-denial. Although Jane respects Helen’s honesty and stoicism, she cannot understand her beliefs and the way in which she accepts her constant chastisement so submissively; she herself ‘should wish the earth to open and swallow me up.’ After talking to Helen, Jane comments that her feelings were ‘better regulated’ and ‘thoughts more harmonious.’ Finally in Mrs. Temple Jane finds someone whom she can respect and admire; a role model. Helen observes that ‘Miss. Temple is full of goodness; it pains her to be severe to anyone.’ The portrayal of Childhood in this novel is utterly convincing and illustrates the triumph of a child’s spirit in spite of difficult circumstances very well.

Pills to Make You Smarter Essay

The plague of â€Å"smart pills† is rapidly growing throughout the World. Ritalin, Adderall, and Provigil are taking over college campuses and business offices each day. Why ADHD pills though? The answer is that ADHD medication gets into your brain so that you can maintain focus. These pills are called cognitive-enhancing drugs, which means that they access the brain to enhance. However, you have to have a prescription to get the pills. Many people believe that gives people who have prescriptions an unfair advantage in work on campuses and offices. Why should those people be given the ability to focus and concentrate better? I believe as if it is unfair, also. I would like to be able to take a pill that can help me concentrate. A majority of people think the way I do†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Based on government data gathered in 2007, more than 1. 6 million people in the U. S. had used prescription stimulants non-medically during the previous 12 months. That is absolutely insane and it needs to change. People are using these drugs and some may be using it for â€Å"hallucinations† and to get a â€Å"high† but still, a majority of the people use these drugs for strictly concentration purposes. There are still many things that scientists worry about, though. Addiction is a big one. Users can get addicted to Ritalin and Adderall over time, which really causes major concerns. Another concern is health problems. Ritalin and Adderall are not necessarily good for your health. Over time, they both cause health problems. However, many â€Å"over-the-counter† drugs today, cause health problems over time. Therefore, at the end of the day we have Adderall, Ritalin, Provigil, and Donepezil. The medical use for Adderall and Ritalin are stimulants that are part of treatment of ADHD and narcolepsy. However, also effective as an enhancer that increases cognitive performance on certain tasks under conditions of fatigue, may also improve planning and one type of working memory. The medical use for Provigil is a stimulant for narcolepsy and excessive sleepiness because of shift work or obstructive sleep apnea. However, it also serves as an effective enhancer to augment mental focus and better performance on a limited set of cognitive measures, such as recall of long strings of numbers. The medical use of Donepezil is for treatment for the cognitive deficits of Alzheimer’s disease; increases the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to improve cognition. Effective enhancer as it might aid in learning or memory, but overall results are not certain; ay also take several weeks to work. All of these pills act on DNA in a way that triggers synthesis of proteins that strengthen the signaling connection between the glutamate emitting and receiving neurons. A super â€Å"smart† pill that is made up of the basic ideas in each one of these drugs, is in the making right now. Scientists and Pharmacists are working every day to make this drug, but it is very difficult with all of the downsides that Ritalin, Adderall, Provigil, and Donepezil provide. They are trying to find ways to cut out/reduce most of the downsides. If this drug is created, it will be a major win for the scientific world. It will also affect people in my community. If students are able to take this drug, they will be able to apply themselves towards schoolwork with aid from the drug. If students can concentrate, maintain sleep, and remember things, the sky will be the limit. With the aid from the drug, students will be able to achieve anything that they put their mind to and more.

American Civil War essays

American Civil War essays The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the events surrounding the end of the American Civil War. This war was a war of epic proportion. Never before and not since have so many Americans died in battle. The American Civil War was truly tragic in terms of human life. In this document, I will speak mainly around those involved on the battlefield in the closing days of the conflict. Also, reference will be made to the leading men behind the Union and Confederate The war was beginning to end by January of 1865. By then, Federal (Federal was another name given to the Union Army) armies were spread throughout the Confederacy and the Confederate Army had shrunk extremely in size. In the year before, the North had lost an enormous amount of lives, but had more than enough to lose in comparison to the South. General Grant became known as the "Butcher" (Grant, Ulysses S., Personal Memoirs of U.S. Grant, New York: Charles L. Webster Co.,1894) and many wanted to see him removed. But Lincoln stood firm with his General, and the war continued. This paper will follow the happenings and events between the winter of 1864-65 and the surrender of The Confederate States of America. All of this will most certainly illustrate that April 9, 1865 was indeed the end of a tragedy. In September of 1864, General William T. Sherman and his army cleared the city of Atlanta of its civilian population then rested ever so briefly. It was from there that General Sherman and his army began its famous "march to the sea". The march covered a diezce of 400 miles and was 60 miles wide on the way. For 32 days no news of him reached the North. He had cut himself off from his base of supplies, and his men lived on what ever they could get from the country through which they passed. On their route, the army destroyed anything and everything that they could not use...

Free Essays on Purpose Of Man

â€Å"It’s 1997, I’m sitting in my room asking myself the question that will change my life. What is my purpose in life? At that time I was pretty sure that I was suppose to be a professional baseball player. But God had some different plans. That next morning I woke up to go to church camp. I was just recently saved and baptized so this Christian thing was a fairly new concept for me. I pretty much thought that that was all I had to do for the rest of my life and I could just go on living the way that I did. Well that week God changed my life. He showed me that I need to be a servant for him, I needed to obey him and trust that he will deliver me. So that He might be pleased and glorified.† In this essay will discuss what the purpose of man is. Man is to live for God in Holy Devotion and Service that God might be pleased and glorified. God tells us that Man must have a personal relationship with Him and have the right understanding about Him. Take Paul for example, Paul had one of the best relationships with God in the Bible. He was persecuted, beaten and hated against. Just because He knew and talked about God. In order to please God, Man must have faith. But what is faith? Faith is knowing that Jesus is always there and He will provide when in troubled times. Again take Paul, he was imprisoned and God gave the ability to over come that troubling time in his life. And he got blessed because of it. God is also delighted in those who know and understand His person and works. First off Man should not boast at his own works to delight God. A reason for this is Man can not get to heaven by his own works. Man can only get to heaven Jesus Christ who died on the cross for our sins that man might not parish but have every lasting life. But if man chooses to boast let it be on knowing the Lord. God also req uires us to do justly, fear God, and walk in all His ways. In Deuteronomy 6:10-25 tells us that Man should ha... Free Essays on Purpose Of Man Free Essays on Purpose Of Man â€Å"It’s 1997, I’m sitting in my room asking myself the question that will change my life. What is my purpose in life? At that time I was pretty sure that I was suppose to be a professional baseball player. But God had some different plans. That next morning I woke up to go to church camp. I was just recently saved and baptized so this Christian thing was a fairly new concept for me. I pretty much thought that that was all I had to do for the rest of my life and I could just go on living the way that I did. Well that week God changed my life. He showed me that I need to be a servant for him, I needed to obey him and trust that he will deliver me. So that He might be pleased and glorified.† In this essay will discuss what the purpose of man is. Man is to live for God in Holy Devotion and Service that God might be pleased and glorified. God tells us that Man must have a personal relationship with Him and have the right understanding about Him. Take Paul for example, Paul had one of the best relationships with God in the Bible. He was persecuted, beaten and hated against. Just because He knew and talked about God. In order to please God, Man must have faith. But what is faith? Faith is knowing that Jesus is always there and He will provide when in troubled times. Again take Paul, he was imprisoned and God gave the ability to over come that troubling time in his life. And he got blessed because of it. God is also delighted in those who know and understand His person and works. First off Man should not boast at his own works to delight God. A reason for this is Man can not get to heaven by his own works. Man can only get to heaven Jesus Christ who died on the cross for our sins that man might not parish but have every lasting life. But if man chooses to boast let it be on knowing the Lord. God also req uires us to do justly, fear God, and walk in all His ways. In Deuteronomy 6:10-25 tells us that Man should ha...

Persepolis and Satrapi's Why I Wrote Persepolis H R Essay

Persepolis and Satrapi's Why I Wrote Persepolis H R - Essay Example The author admits that she is a pacifist (Satrapi 3).The best way to embody this characteristic into her work was through the use of a child narrator who easily fits the description of a person who would not understand the resolve to war and violence. The child is a reliable narrator; the author succeeds at expressing her mind very obediently as a child would. This adds to the credibility of the work. It feels like she is giving an unbiased opinion because she is too young to establish her core beliefs. The author succeeds at hiding her own biases on the events that were happening around her. She even manages to criticize her own parents. She succeeds at using the innocence associated with childhood to draw the reader’s attention to the political power games of the murderous regime and the cultural intricacies which were taking place at the time. The text includes the example of children acting out the torture they witness to emphasize that they are not always aloof about their surrounding and they fully comprehend what is going

TRuss Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

TRuss - Lab Report Example in simple structures and to experimentally determine the internal forces in simple structures, and to compare those results with values obtained analytically. Trusses used widely in most construction projects. These include in buildings such things as scaffoldings, bridges towers, roofs to name but a few. Trusses can be defined as structural elements that are long and assembled by connecting them at the end. The basic structure of a truss is shown in figure 1 below; The use of trusses in construction process is at times faced with problems of determining the failure modes of the specific structure and determination of appropriate factors of safety. This can be achieved theoretically by calculating the amount of load that is capable of causing failure in the pin connections, theoretically calculating the load to cause yielding on members that are severely stressed and theoretically calculating the critical buckling load. In this laboratory project, the allowable load that can be applied to each of the trusses is determined. Also, the forces in each of the members of the truss are determined. Basically, the ultimate goal of the lab project is measuring Forces in Truss Members Using Strain Gages As stated above, trusses are mainly used for stiffening structures. This implies that the truss is subjected to various forces that may be tension, compressional or both. A truss is made up of members joined together at the edges. Since the trusses are subjected to forces by the structures they support and the truss is made of members, then it implies that each member is subjected to 2 forces i.e. each member is a two force member. In the use of trusses, the weight is not considered since they are assumed to possess negligible weight as compared to the load imposed on them. Trusses exist in various types that include simple trusses, and complex trusses. Trusses are subjected to compression, tensional or both tensional and compression force due to the load imposed on them.

Mergers & Acquisitions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Mergers & Acquisitions - Essay Example â€Å"Mergers and acquisitions represent the ultimate in change for a business No other event is more difficult, challenging, or chaotic as a merger and acquisition. It is imperative that everyone involved in the process has a clear understanding of how the process works†. Since the past decade, the globalisation of the businesses across the globe has initiated a search for the competitive advantage, worldwide. With the increased competition to fetch the customer satisfaction in a cost effective way, the companies have responded to the pressure of attaining scale in a quickly consolidating global economy. In addition to some other trends, such as privatisation, deregulation and corporate restructuring, globalisation has encouraged an unparalleled surge in the cross-border merger and the acquisition activities.Cross-border consolidation activities are a significant component of global business operations.This report will look into the mergers and acquisitions of companies in th e light of current issues. For better understanding, the analysis would be done in the light of relevant theories and applications with the mention of specific examples in the arena of merger and acquisitions. Through ‘merger’, two companies would join together to create a new company.Acquisition refers to one company taking over the assets of another company. Merger and acquisition can be of three types: Horizontal, Vertical and Conglomerate. In horizontal mergers and acquisitions, two firms, involved, deal across similar products and services. This type of mergers and acquisitions is frequently used as the mean for an organisation to enhance the market share through getting into merger with a competing firm or by acquiring the same. For an instance, consolidation among Mobil and Exxon would allow these companies to attain a large chunk of share in the oil and gas market. Vertical mergers and acquisitions happen when two organisations are merged through the value-chain , such as any manufacturer firm merging with one supplier or a manufacturer acquiring its supplier firm. Vertical consolidation processes are mostly used as significant mean to gain the competitive advantage in the respective marketplace by leveraging on the value chain. For an instance, Merck, a leading pharmaceuticals manufacturer, merged with the leading pharmaceuticals distributor, Medco. This was done to fetch the benefits in products distribution. Consolidations are conglomerate when two firms from entirely dissimilar industries merge. For an instance, a gas pipeline organisation merging with high technology organisation or acquiring the same can be seemed as a conglomerate merger. Conglomerates are mostly used as significant mean to smooth out broad fluctuations in the revenue amount and offer more constancy in the growth in long-term. Typically, organisations in the mature industries which have poor growth prospects would seek to broaden their businesses horizons through mer gers and acquisitions. For an instance, General Electric has diversified its business through merger and acquisition activities. GE has got into new segments like television broadcasting and financial services through a number of mergers and acquisitions of the financial services and entertainment organisations. Mergers and Acquisitions in United Kingdom United Kingdom has been the host of a number of mergers and acquisitions. The value of UK domestic acquisitions in the third quarter, 2010, amounted to ?2.6 billion which is slightly up

Global Warming Issues Facing the U.S. Today Essay Example for Free

Global Warming Issues Facing the U.S. Today Essay Throughout history, the fastest increase rate in the average global temperature has been recorded during the past 50 years, and experts further believe that the trend is alarmingly accelerating. Global warming is a complex phenomenon, and its full-blown consequences are difficult to foresee ahead of time. Nevertheless, every year scientists gain more knowledge of how global warming is upsetting the planet, and many have the same opinion that definite outcomes are expected to take place if present trends persist. Unless Americans reduce global warming emissions, distressing and almost irreversible impact on the country, planet and its life will be greatly expected in the near future. United States Issues Air pollutants, particularly carbon dioxide that is accumulating in the atmosphere is condensing extensively, trapping the heat of the sun and causing the earth to warm up. Despite the fact that Americans make up merely 4 percent of the world’s inhabitants, yet through fossil-fuel burning, they generate roughly 25 percent of the worldwide carbon dioxide pollution, which is considerably the largest share of any nation (â€Å"Global Warming Basics†). In the United States, the largest sources of carbon dioxide are the coal-burning power plants, producing 2. 5 billion tons annually; while automobiles running throughout the country’s streets are the second largest source, producing almost 1. 5 billion tons each year (â€Å"Global Warming Basics†). In the United States, global warming is already causing damage in its numerous regions. In June 2006, a panel organized by the United States National Research Council, the leading science policy body of the country, expressed confidence that the planet is the hottest it has been in at least four centuries, and probably even the last 20 centuries (â€Å"Global Warming†). Snow buildup in the United States has declined by almost 60 percent and winter seasons have abridged in a number of regions of the Cascade Range in Washington and Oregon since the early 1950s (â€Å"Global Warming Basics†). Oregon, Arizona and Colorado suffered their most terrible wildlife seasons, and drought produced relentless dust storms in Kansas, Colorado and Montana, and floods caused hundreds of millions of dollars in destruction in North Dakota, Kansas, Colorado and Montana. All the same, by the last part of the century, global warming is expected to further elevate the typical temperatures of the United States to three to nine degrees, which is expected to affect more of the country’s species and wildlife that cannot endure warmer environments. Americans wellbeing is as well in jeopardy, as abnormal climate changes may bring about the spread of certain illnesses, a greater possibility of heat stroke, poor air quality, and the flooding of the country’s foremost cities. Conclusion America must take a leadership function in solving the global warming crisis. Technologies exist today that make power plants produce electricity from nonpolluting sources, cars burn less gas and run cleaner, and electricity consumption lower and more efficient. Americans can take the initial move in seriously campaigning for energy conservation and manufacturing of more efficient appliances, as well as increase their reliance on renewable energy sources such as geothermal, sun and wind. Currently, the challenge for the country is to be certain that these solutions are implemented. Unfortunately, while the technologies are present, the country’s political and corporate will to put them into extensive exploitation are waning. Without doubt, every Americans must demand for it if development and environmental sustainability are desired to be achieved. Works Cited â€Å"Global Warming. † 2008. Standford SOLAR Center. 16 March 2009 http://solar-center. stanford. edu/sun-on-earth/glob-warm. html. â€Å"Global Warming Basics. † 18 October 2005. Natural Resources Defense Council. 16 March 2009 http://www. nrdc. org/globalWarming/f101. asp.

War of the Worlds by H.G. Wells Essays -- War Worlds H.G. Wells Essays

War of the Worlds by H.G. Wells Homo-Superior? War of the Worlds by H.G. Wells is a fiction story written about war and mankind’s coming of age. It is also a philosophical novel with many deep meanings underlying the shallow looking one-hundred-eighty-eight page book. The subject of this novel is Science Fiction and there are not many that can even compete with Wells in terms of how superior his word descriptions are. He simply does wonders with the imagination of the reader. Obviously the whole book is about the struggle mankind faces, but it is not always with aliens, they are actually more of a good way to represent what Wells really believed. He believed man is dominant, yet should remember how big the universe is and that the possibility of life far more intelligent than ours is very great. The narrator, who is also the main character tells War of the Worlds in first person. He describes everything from the man’s denial, to the invasion, the battles, and the aftermath. In the beginning he discusses the possibility of other life forms existing. When the aliens invade they do not communicate, just organize and destroy all resistance and population centers. The author journeys along all of England fleeing the invaders and always being updated from various people about the news. The climax comes when he walks into a town to find all the aliens dead from bacteria, and the denouement is when he finds his wife. The movie â€Å"Independence Day† is the best way to describe this story to someone who has never read the book before. The two are strikingly similar. In both the aliens invade without warning and destroy everything with their superior technology. People know about the aliens before they arrive ahead of time in each story, but do nothing because of denial and public hysteria. The study and autopsy of aliens are described in the two. There are differences though. There are no heroes in the book, but in the movie there are. Our technology is useless in the book and in the movie it wins it for us. In a sense the endings are the same because a computer virus is what causes the aliens’ shields to go down in the movie and biological viruses kill the aliens in the book. Still when I think about it, â€Å"Independence Day† is the best way to modernize the story. Pre World War One England is the setting for the story. It fits ... ... the stupidity and courage of men. He did a great job of doing both. This book is really a classic because so many people know about it and still read it today, and it is over a hundred years old! It reminds me of how the U.S is today. Sure we are the greatest nation on the planet, however we still need to be reminded that we do not control everyone. We should be more humble and that is how the author felt as well. All the time I see on the news how people rebel and complain about stuff. When it comes down to it they don’t do jack! They just want to bitch about how the system cheats them. There were characters in the book like this in the novel too. The most significant thing to me in the whole book, and I’m sure it is to most readers too, is the fact that germs killed the aliens. Not some secret weapon, or a hero, but the every day cold. This really humbles man. In the end there is hope. The hope that man finally understands that he is not so great and how lucky he can be. Hope that we will learn from our mistakes and take them to heart so that if this happens again, we will be ready. So the one question remains, and I leave it up to you†¦are we Homo-Superior?

Corrosion Audit :: essays papers

Corrosion Audit 1.Introduction: Corrosion is the electrochemical deterioration of a metal because of its chemical reaction with the surrounding environment. While new and better materials are continuously being developed, this progress is offset, in part, by a more aggressive operational environment. This problem is compounded by the fact that corrosion is a complex phenomenon. It can take many different forms and the resistance of materials to corrosion can drastically change with only a small environmental change. Corrosion is most often thought of as a slow process of material deterioration, taking place over a significant period of time (examples being general corrosion, pitting, exfoliation, etc.). Other forms of corrosion degradation can occur very quickly, in days or even hours, with catastrophic results. These forms (such as stress corrosion cracking, environmental embrittlement, and corrosion fatigue) depend on both the chemical and mechanical aspects of the environment and can cause catastrophic structural failure without warning. Some of the data of losses due to corrosion follows. In the United Kingdom the Paint Research Association has estimated that metallic corrosion costs developed countries some up to four per cent of gross national product (GNP) annually. In the UK this would equal about  £30 billion. In the United States, various reports put the cost of corrosion slightly higher at four to five per cent, equating in that country to about US $300 billion, of which it is claimed that around one-third could be prevented. In India approximately 5% of the GDP is lost due to corrosion, of which again it is claimed that around one-third could be prevented. CORROSION AUDIT: There is no clear definition of corrosion audit. It mainly contains inspecting the corrosion sites, analyzing the reasons of corrosion, suggesting methods of prevention, doing the cost analysis of prevention and losses due to corrosion. 2.Main Materials Used in IITK: ï‚ · Centrifugally cast iron (CI) ï‚ · Galvanized iron (GI) ï‚ · Steel ï‚ · Stainless steel ï‚ · Cast iron ï‚ · PVC (Poly venyl chloride) ï‚ · RCC (Reinforced concrete council) Centrifugally cast iron vs. Galvanized iron: CI is more resistant to corrosion in soil and water environment as compared to GI. But CI cannot be threaded much frequently, as it will corrode very fast near the threads and thus will lead to breakage and leakage. So CI is used only, where long pipes are needed. For small length pipes, like those in houses, GI is the better option.

In Praise of Margins

In the essay â€Å"In Praise of Margins† Ian Fraizer upholds the importance of margins as â€Å"a higher sort of unpurpose† (Fraizer 45) defined by his time in â€Å"the woods† (44). Fraizer and his friends spent most of their time in their margins also known as stomping ice in â€Å"the woods†. Fraizer says that marginal place and activities are â€Å"the most important kind† (46) because they are â€Å"where you can try out odd ideas†. Margins could be visiting a park, a friend’s house, a dance studio or even a football field, also doing things such as swinging on a tire, reading, watching movies, dancing or playing a sport.He argues that margins- whether places or activities- are valuable because they allow a person to be themselves, have fun and use their imagination without worrying about impressing anyone. I agree with Fraizer that margins play an important role in people’s lives because although they have no purpose they can have positive results. Fraizer and his friends spent most of their childhood in the woods because that was where they felt comfortable and had fun with each other.This type of margins reminds me of the book â€Å"Bridge to Terabithia† a story that embraces margins in every page. In the novel two kids ironically meet in the woods. There the kids used their imaginations extensively by creating their own kingdom Terabithia, where they reigned over everything and were loved by all the creatures who roamed their land. The woods acted as the two kid’s marginal place because it allowed them to be creative. Marginal places such as these are important because they show a person what they are cable of accomplishing.These kids built a world with waterfalls, mountains and its own civilization. Margins are valuable to have because they let people acquire skills to expand their creativity. According to Fraizer â€Å"a book without margins is impossible to read†. This stat ement enforces Frazier’s belief about the necessity of margins and that attempting to live life without them makes everything unnecessarily more complicated. Fraizer and his friends did anything and everything in the woods.As they told themselves a frequent activity was exploring and the reader understand this was marginal when he mentions they were all easily distracted from their exploration with the sight of the perfect ice to stomp on. Fraizer explains these distractions to extend the understanding of margins and that they don’t require uninterrupted focus because a person doesn’t have something to accomplish, a marginal activity could result in another marginal activity that could have an outcome. I consider watching movies a marginal activity for many, people go to the theater to simply relax and get their mind off of other things.Movies let a person engulf themselves in the lives of others, fall in love all over again with a romance, laugh away all proble ms with a comedy, or feel a rush of adrenaline with an action movie. Films similar to these can create inspiration in people to find love, to become a director, even to become a writer to create a script that will affect people as the film affected them. Margins being without any purpose unintentionally result with a person having a purpose â€Å"every purpose-filled activity we pursue in the woods began as just fooling around†.Through observing his kids actions when they encountered a ditch Fraizer remembers his personal experiences with margins. To Fraizer and his friends â€Å"the woods† played an important role in their childhoods, it acted as a place where they could let their imaginations run wild and pursue what their minds came up with. Fraizer says margins are places or activities that don’t â€Å"account for themselves economically†; however, they are valuable because they can result in a new kingdom, a life changing film or a better understandi ng of life.